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Tuesday 21 October 2014

how to write effective formal mail

I look forward to hearing from you,

Hi Tina,
I’m writing on behalf of <web-url>. We make it easy for bloggers to network with one another.
Our site gets X monthly page views, just having your website listed in our network will expose it to many new readers.
Here are some websites currently in our community: <list of related and well known websites>.
Joining takes less than 5 minutes and you’ll love the results: <web-url>
Let me know if you have any questions.
<name>
<company name>
<site url>

 ...........................................................
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’ve attached my resume. I would be grateful if you could read it and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I have all the experience you are looking for:
  • I’ve worked in a customer-facing environment for three years
  • I am competent with MS office
  • I enjoy working as part of a team
Thanks for your time.
Yours faithfully,
Joe Bloggs
...............................................................
Mr. M. Leaf
Chief of Syrup Production
Old Sticky Pancake Company
456 Maple Lane
Forest, ON 7W8 9Y0
Dear Mr. Leaf:
Let me begin by thanking you for your past contributions to our Little League baseball team. Your sponsorship aided in the purchase of ten full uniforms and several pieces of baseball equipment for last year's season.
Next month, our company is planning an employee appreciation pancake breakfast honoring retired employees for their past years of service and present employees for their loyalty and dedication in spite of the current difficult economic conditions.
We would like to place an order with your company for 25 pounds of pancake mix and five gallons of maple syrup. We hope you will be able to provide these products in the bulk quantities we require.
As you are a committed corporate sponsor and long-time associate, we hope that you will be able to join us for breakfast on December 22, 2008.
Respectfully yours,

Derek Jeter
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..................................................
http://jobsearch.about.com/od/sampleresignationletters/a/resignsamples.htm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Before you search job:

If you need help figuring out your next steps:

Ask your friends for insights on your strengths and weaknesses. Here’s what to say, from pop*forms:
Hi _______,
I am working on improving myself, personally and at work, and you are someone whose opinion I truly value. If you are willing, I would be so appreciative if you would answer some or all of the questions below to help me gain some insight into my strengths and the things I do best.
I really appreciate it, and would be happy to do the same for you if you’d like! 
  • What do you think is my greatest strength
  • How would you describe my style
  • What do you think I should let go of
  • When do you feel that I am at my best
Read the rest of the email and advice on pop*forms.

If you want to tell your network that you’re looking for new opportunities:

Be clear about what you are looking for and your expertise. Here’s what to say from Jenny Blake:
Hi Friends,
I hope this email finds you well. As some of you may know, I recently decided to {NEW DIRECTION: a few words about switching jobs/fields/industry} to work with {DESCRIPTION: type of companies and/or people you’re hoping to work with}.
As I dive into the job search across the country {OR FILL IN SPECIFIC LOCATION}, I’d love it if you could keep your eyes open for people I could connect with and/or positions that might be a fit for me. Below is a bit about my background and what I’m looking for, and you can view my full resume on LinkedIn {INSERT LINK for the word LinkedIn}. These are a few of my ideal scenarios, but if anything related comes to you please keep me in mind!

If you want to tell specific people that you’re looking for new opportunities:

If you have specific people in mind whom you think could be especially helpful in your search, send tailored emails. Here’s what to say from the Daily Muse:
Hi Susan,
I hope all is well! I saw the photos of the conference you held last month on Facebook—it looked like a fantastic event.
I’m reaching out because I’m currently seeking a new position. As you know, I have been Smith PR for almost three years, but I’m ready for a new challenge in the tech PR world.
I know that you used to do work for Ogilvy, which is on my short list of dream companies. Do you still have any contacts there, and if so, is there someone that might be willing to do an informational interview with me? Any introductions you could make would be greatly appreciated.
Read the rest of the email and the advice on the Daily Muse. They also have a great example of a thank you email to send to people who have offered you advice or information about opportunities.

During the search:

If you’re about to submit a job application:

Always follow directions and submit your application accordingly. If you are sending all of your materials as an attachment, mention what’s included, position you are applying for, and contact information. Here’s an example from the University of Minnesota:
Dear Mr. Smith:
I am a first year law student at the University of Minnesota Law School applying for a summer clerkship with your firm. I have attached the resume, cover letter and transcript that you requested to this email. If you have questions or need more information, you may reach me through the phone number or email below.
I look forward to hearing from you,
Your name
Your address
Your phone/email
Read the rest of the advice from the University of Minnesota.

If you want to inquire about the status of your application:

Wait about two weeks before sending a follow up email and demonstrate your interest, not asking for a response, says HR expert Alison Greene. Here’s what she recommends you say:
I recently applied for your __ position, and I just wanted to reiterate my strong interest. I think it might be a great match, and I’d love to talk with you about it when you’re ready to begin scheduling interviews.
Read the rest of her advice on US News.

If you want to say “Thank You” after a job interview:

The key here is to reference something that came up specifically in the interview. Here’s an example from Berkeley Law School:
Dear Ms. Smith:
Thank you for taking the time to meet with me this past Tuesday. After speaking with you and learning more about the structure of Blank, Blank’s summer program, I am even more enthusiastic about the possibility of working at Blank, Blank next summer. I particularly enjoyed hearing about your work in representing several Latin American companies in trade-related matters.
Read the rest of the email and advice from Berkeley Law School. Also, Career Services at West Virginia University provides examples of what to say if you want to add more information (say, a sample of your work) or address a question that came up in the interview.

If you want to follow up after a job interview:

If you haven’t heard from an employer and the interviewer has given you a timeline, Alison Greene recommends this email:
Hi Jane, you’d mentioned that you were hoping to be ready to move forward on the Communications Manager position by the end of the month, so I wanted to check in with you. I’m very interested in the role, even more so after our last conversation, and would love to know what your timeline looks like moving forward.
Read the rest of her advice and other templates on US News.

Networking:

If you need an introduction:

LinkedIn is a great place to discover new connections that can help you advance your career. Forbes outlines helpful tips on searching for mutual contacts and crafting a compelling request for an introduction.
Hi Rick,
We met briefly at the Delta Leadership conference last fall, during the round-table discussion. To refresh your memory, I am changing careers, from being an accountant to being a fashion merchandiser. You were kind enough to give me advice on companies that might appreciate my background. 
Since we last spoke, I’ve decided it would be helpful to get online clothing company experience. Acme Shoes is one of the companies I admire in the online world and I noticed that you have a first-degree connection to Ellen Jones, a marketing director there.
Read the rest of the email template on Forbes.

If you want to introduce yourself to someone new:

Sometimes you don’t have a mutual contact on LinkedIn and just need send a cold email. Here’s a template from Alyson Weiss of Career Moves, a division of JVS.
Hi Elizabeth,
I hope you are doing well. We are both in the Boston Networking Club, so I was hoping it would be okay if I reached out to you. [Name of HR person] posted a description for a Community Engagement & Recruitment opening at your company today on the YNPN list serv that I am really interested in learning more about.
Read the rest of this email and other examples by signing up here.

If you want to request an informational interview:

Just Jobs has several templates (for various circumstances) that include the characteristics of a good informational interview request: short, specific, and mentions some common ground and background info.
Hi [Name]!
I’m a [your profession] who has worked with [name of warm contact] and I’m currently making time to develop my skills and focus on what’s really important in [profession] when it comes to hiring a [professional] for a project. I’ve had a look through your website and especially enjoyed the [whatever].
I’d love the opportunity to spend 20 mins with you to discuss your decision making process with regards to [professionals] and what your expectations are when working with them.
Read the rest of the email from Harvard Law and other templates.

If you want to thank a new contact or to someone who has helped you:

And you should! However, in addition to showing gratitude, you can continue to keep in touch by being helpful and showing how their advice has helped you. Here’s a sample of one out of three emails you should send, from Ramit Sethi of I Will Teach You to Be Rich:
Hi Steve,
Just wanted to thank you again for meeting with me earlier. I’m definitely going to get in touch with Susan like you recommended. I’ll keep you in the loop, and of course, please let me know if there’s anything I can do to repay the favor!
John
Read the rest of the advice and emails here.

Other kinds of emails:

If you want someone to recommend you on LinkedIn:

It never hurts to have people sing your praises in public! Ask someone to write a recommendation for you on LinkedIn. Here’s what Indie Business Network recommends:
Dear Requestee,
I hope this message finds you well. It was great seeing you at the networking event last week! As we discussed, one of the things I am doing is creating new ways for my prospective customers to quickly see how I can serve them. Since you were so pleased with the consultation we had a while back about your business, I am hoping that you would be so kind as to write a LinkedIn recommendation about my business expertise that I can share with others.
Read the rest of the email and other templates on Indie Business Network.

If you need someone to be a reference:

References are often the least thought about aspect of a job hunt, but you should choose your references carefully. Once you have identified someone to vouch for you, here’s what Snag A Job recommends you say:
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am sending you this email in hopes you will be a reference for me during my job search.
Throughout my time working with you, I was able to grow professionally and feel like this experience has really helped me become an ideal employee. I know you would be able to attest to my reliability and willingness to learn.

Tuesday 7 October 2014

Complete Guide For a Opening BPO IT COmpany

BPO stands for Business Process Outsourcing. When a company decides to outsource some of its non-core work processes to another company

Voice based BPOs are those BPOs where you are required to talk to the customers. It may be for sales or support or service or anything else.

So how would you start a BPO company? Here are the essential requirements you should take care of:
1. Legal documentation
There are a number of government agencies in which you have to go to when setting up a BPO, and these include:
• Securities and Exchange Commission
• Bureau of Internal Revenue
• Local permits-you also have to comply with LGU permits in order to operate your BPO just like any other business. These permits can be secured at the LGU office in your city or municipality.
2. Infrastructure and technical requirements
There are two essential physical items that have to be present when starting a BPO company and that would be location and equipment. When it comes to location, you have to options:
• To rent an office space, provided that you will register it as a commercial entity in business permits;
• Or to build your own office at a specific lot that’s subject to real estate taxes
Aside from an office space, you need equipment. Equipment takes in the form of computers, secure internet and telephone connection, office furniture, lighting and ventilation. This way, your employees would be able to conduct their tasks once the BPO is already operational.
And yes, you also have to take care of utilities, such as electricity and water for your office space.
3. Human Resources
Manpower is more than just a need in the BPO industry; it’s the company’s strength. It is thus important for you to hire individuals who can fill in the positions needed for your company.
When starting a BPO, you will need people for two basic departments:
• Admin and managerial positions-managers, an accountant and a systems administrator
• Frontline responders-agents or service providers
These employees are subject to receive:
• Salary
• Benefits (SSS, Philhealth, Pag-ibig)
• Leaves (once they’ve completed a certain amount of attendance in the company)
4. Training
Training is where your frontline responders become skilled in the specific tasks needed in the BPO. You can start training your agents on your own, which is easy as you are sharing firsthand experience which they will use on the job. These agents may soon serve as trainers to newbie agents as your company grows.
You can also send your agents for professional training and workshops conducted by mentors who are also into the kind of industry your BPO is focused at.
5. Client leadership
Client leadership is where you welcome clients to your BPO company by selling your services. As the owner of the BPO, you will have to take charge of entertaining clients and closing deals with them for the company to nurture; at the same time, you may have to rely on a strong marketing team to find and harvest clients and referrals for potential partnerships.
6. Company Stability Plan
Lastly, you need a company stability plan to ensure that your BPO can stand for the long haul. It is somewhat like a feasibility plan, but it caters more on the operational aspect of the company. This plan will serve as a guide for you to run the BPO-from keeping up with its service standards, maintaining current and entertaining new clients, and making sure that all business operations are scalable and not prone to collapse when bigger projects are brought in.
While it sure is a lucrative business, the returns of investment in a BPO project do not come in an instant. Profits start to arrive within 2 to 3 years of operation, as by then you can already see the strengths, weaknesses and trials surpassed by the company you’ve built.
- See more at: http://www.smallbusinessidear.com/setting-up-a-business-process-outsourcing-bpo-company-in-the-philippines/#sthash.nSAOxfnl.dpuf
 So how would you start a BPO company? Here are the essential requirements you should take care of:  1. Legal documentation  There are a number of government agencies in which you have to go to when setting up a BPO, and these include: • Securities and Exchange Commission • Bureau of Internal Revenue • Local permits-you also have to comply with LGU permits in order to operate your BPO just like any other business. These permits can be secured at the LGU office in your city or municipality.  2. Infrastructure and technical requirements  There are two essential physical items that have to be present when starting a BPO company and that would be location and equipment. When it comes to location, you have to options: • To rent an office space, provided that you will register it as a commercial entity in business permits; • Or to build your own office at a specific lot that’s subject to real estate taxes  Aside from an office space, you need equipment. Equipment takes in the form of computers, secure internet and telephone connection, office furniture, lighting and ventilation. This way, your employees would be able to conduct their tasks once the BPO is already operational.  And yes, you also have to take care of utilities, such as electricity and water for your office space.  3. Human Resources  Manpower is more than just a need in the BPO industry; it’s the company’s strength. It is thus important for you to hire individuals who can fill in the positions needed for your company.  When starting a BPO, you will need people for two basic departments:  • Admin and managerial positions-managers, an accountant and a systems administrator • Frontline responders-agents or service providers These employees are subject to receive: • Salary • Benefits (SSS, Philhealth, Pag-ibig) • Leaves (once they’ve completed a certain amount of attendance in the company)  4. Training  Training is where your frontline responders become skilled in the specific tasks needed in the BPO. You can start training your agents on your own, which is easy as you are sharing firsthand experience which they will use on the job. These agents may soon serve as trainers to newbie agents as your company grows.  You can also send your agents for professional training and workshops conducted by mentors who are also into the kind of industry your BPO is focused at.  5. Client leadership  Client leadership is where you welcome clients to your BPO company by selling your services. As the owner of the BPO, you will have to take charge of entertaining clients and closing deals with them for the company to nurture; at the same time, you may have to rely on a strong marketing team to find and harvest clients and referrals for potential partnerships.  6. Company Stability Plan  Lastly, you need a company stability plan to ensure that your BPO can stand for the long haul. It is somewhat like a feasibility plan, but it caters more on the operational aspect of the company. This plan will serve as a guide for you to run the BPO-from keeping up with its service standards, maintaining current and entertaining new clients, and making sure that all business operations are scalable and not prone to collapse when bigger projects are brought in.  While it sure is a lucrative business, the returns of investment in a BPO project do not come in an instant. Profits start to arrive within 2 to 3 years of operation, as by then you can already see the strengths, weaknesses and trials surpassed by the company you’ve built. -

http://www.smallbusinessidear.com/setting-up-a-business-process-outsourcing-bpo-company-in-the-philippines/
So how would you start a BPO company? Here are the essential requirements you should take care of:
1. Legal documentation
There are a number of government agencies in which you have to go to when setting up a BPO, and these include:
• Securities and Exchange Commission
• Bureau of Internal Revenue
• Local permits-you also have to comply with LGU permits in order to operate your BPO just like any other business. These permits can be secured at the LGU office in your city or municipality.
2. Infrastructure and technical requirements
There are two essential physical items that have to be present when starting a BPO company and that would be location and equipment. When it comes to location, you have to options:
• To rent an office space, provided that you will register it as a commercial entity in business permits;
• Or to build your own office at a specific lot that’s subject to real estate taxes
Aside from an office space, you need equipment. Equipment takes in the form of computers, secure internet and telephone connection, office furniture, lighting and ventilation. This way, your employees would be able to conduct their tasks once the BPO is already operational.
And yes, you also have to take care of utilities, such as electricity and water for your office space.
3. Human Resources
Manpower is more than just a need in the BPO industry; it’s the company’s strength. It is thus important for you to hire individuals who can fill in the positions needed for your company.
When starting a BPO, you will need people for two basic departments:
• Admin and managerial positions-managers, an accountant and a systems administrator
• Frontline responders-agents or service providers
These employees are subject to receive:
• Salary
• Benefits (SSS, Philhealth, Pag-ibig)
• Leaves (once they’ve completed a certain amount of attendance in the company)
4. Training
Training is where your frontline responders become skilled in the specific tasks needed in the BPO. You can start training your agents on your own, which is easy as you are sharing firsthand experience which they will use on the job. These agents may soon serve as trainers to newbie agents as your company grows.
You can also send your agents for professional training and workshops conducted by mentors who are also into the kind of industry your BPO is focused at.
5. Client leadership
Client leadership is where you welcome clients to your BPO company by selling your services. As the owner of the BPO, you will have to take charge of entertaining clients and closing deals with them for the company to nurture; at the same time, you may have to rely on a strong marketing team to find and harvest clients and referrals for potential partnerships.
6. Company Stability Plan
Lastly, you need a company stability plan to ensure that your BPO can stand for the long haul. It is somewhat like a feasibility plan, but it caters more on the operational aspect of the company. This plan will serve as a guide for you to run the BPO-from keeping up with its service standards, maintaining current and entertaining new clients, and making sure that all business operations are scalable and not prone to collapse when bigger projects are brought in.
While it sure is a lucrative business, the returns of investment in a BPO project do not come in an instant. Profits start to arrive within 2 to 3 years of operation, as by then you can already see the strengths, weaknesses and trials surpassed by the company you’ve built.
- See more at: http://www.smallbusinessidear.com/setting-up-a-business-process-outsourcing-bpo-company-in-the-philippines/#sthash.nSAOxfnl.dpuf
---------------------------------------------------------------
One of the most high demand business ventures in the country today is that of Business Process Outsourcing or BPO. It commonly referred to as a call center, but in general it pertains to a third party service provider that links companies and their clients together, most of which are based abroad.
Hence, setting up a BPO company is a good way not only to provide jobs to Filipinos, but also to earn profit as an entrepreneur. Sure, it can be overwhelming to establish one up, considering that there are many BPO giants that are already dominating the scene, but it actually boils down to providing service that matters. Once you’ve accomplished the things needed to start this kind of business, then you’re all set to operate.
So how would you start a BPO company? Here are the essential requirements you should take care of:
1. Legal documentation
There are a number of government agencies in which you have to go to when setting up a BPO, and these include:
• Securities and Exchange Commission
• Bureau of Internal Revenue
• Local permits-you also have to comply with LGU permits in order to operate your BPO just like any other business. These permits can be secured at the LGU office in your city or municipality.
2. Infrastructure and technical requirements
There are two essential physical items that have to be present when starting a BPO company and that would be location and equipment. When it comes to location, you have to options:
• To rent an office space, provided that you will register it as a commercial entity in business permits;
• Or to build your own office at a specific lot that’s subject to real estate taxes
Aside from an office space, you need equipment. Equipment takes in the form of computers, secure internet and telephone connection, office furniture, lighting and ventilation. This way, your employees would be able to conduct their tasks once the BPO is already operational.
And yes, you also have to take care of utilities, such as electricity and water for your office space.
3. Human Resources
Manpower is more than just a need in the BPO industry; it’s the company’s strength. It is thus important for you to hire individuals who can fill in the positions needed for your company.
When starting a BPO, you will need people for two basic departments:
• Admin and managerial positions-managers, an accountant and a systems administrator
• Frontline responders-agents or service providers
These employees are subject to receive:
• Salary
• Benefits (SSS, Philhealth, Pag-ibig)
• Leaves (once they’ve completed a certain amount of attendance in the company)
4. Training
Training is where your frontline responders become skilled in the specific tasks needed in the BPO. You can start training your agents on your own, which is easy as you are sharing firsthand experience which they will use on the job. These agents may soon serve as trainers to newbie agents as your company grows.
You can also send your agents for professional training and workshops conducted by mentors who are also into the kind of industry your BPO is focused at.
5. Client leadership
Client leadership is where you welcome clients to your BPO company by selling your services. As the owner of the BPO, you will have to take charge of entertaining clients and closing deals with them for the company to nurture; at the same time, you may have to rely on a strong marketing team to find and harvest clients and referrals for potential partnerships.
6. Company Stability Plan
Lastly, you need a company stability plan to ensure that your BPO can stand for the long haul. It is somewhat like a feasibility plan, but it caters more on the operational aspect of the company. This plan will serve as a guide for you to run the BPO-from keeping up with its service standards, maintaining current and entertaining new clients, and making sure that all business operations are scalable and not prone to collapse when bigger projects are brought in.
While it sure is a lucrative business, the returns of investment in a BPO project do not come in an instant. Profits start to arrive within 2 to 3 years of operation, as by then you can already see the strengths, weaknesses and trials surpassed by the company you’ve built.
- See more at: http://www.smallbusinessidear.com/setting-up-a-business-process-outsourcing-bpo-company-in-the-philippines/#sthash.VOTp6OBr.dpuf
One of the most high demand business ventures in the country today is that of Business Process Outsourcing or BPO. It commonly referred to as a call center, but in general it pertains to a third party service provider that links companies and their clients together, most of which are based abroad.
Hence, setting up a BPO company is a good way not only to provide jobs to Filipinos, but also to earn profit as an entrepreneur. Sure, it can be overwhelming to establish one up, considering that there are many BPO giants that are already dominating the scene, but it actually boils down to providing service that matters. Once you’ve accomplished the things needed to start this kind of business, then you’re all set to operate.
So how would you start a BPO company? Here are the essential requirements you should take care of:
1. Legal documentation
There are a number of government agencies in which you have to go to when setting up a BPO, and these include:
• Securities and Exchange Commission
• Bureau of Internal Revenue
• Local permits-you also have to comply with LGU permits in order to operate your BPO just like any other business. These permits can be secured at the LGU office in your city or municipality.
2. Infrastructure and technical requirements
There are two essential physical items that have to be present when starting a BPO company and that would be location and equipment. When it comes to location, you have to options:
• To rent an office space, provided that you will register it as a commercial entity in business permits;
• Or to build your own office at a specific lot that’s subject to real estate taxes
Aside from an office space, you need equipment. Equipment takes in the form of computers, secure internet and telephone connection, office furniture, lighting and ventilation. This way, your employees would be able to conduct their tasks once the BPO is already operational.
And yes, you also have to take care of utilities, such as electricity and water for your office space.
3. Human Resources
Manpower is more than just a need in the BPO industry; it’s the company’s strength. It is thus important for you to hire individuals who can fill in the positions needed for your company.
When starting a BPO, you will need people for two basic departments:
• Admin and managerial positions-managers, an accountant and a systems administrator
• Frontline responders-agents or service providers
These employees are subject to receive:
• Salary
• Benefits (SSS, Philhealth, Pag-ibig)
• Leaves (once they’ve completed a certain amount of attendance in the company)
4. Training
Training is where your frontline responders become skilled in the specific tasks needed in the BPO. You can start training your agents on your own, which is easy as you are sharing firsthand experience which they will use on the job. These agents may soon serve as trainers to newbie agents as your company grows.
You can also send your agents for professional training and workshops conducted by mentors who are also into the kind of industry your BPO is focused at.
5. Client leadership
Client leadership is where you welcome clients to your BPO company by selling your services. As the owner of the BPO, you will have to take charge of entertaining clients and closing deals with them for the company to nurture; at the same time, you may have to rely on a strong marketing team to find and harvest clients and referrals for potential partnerships.
6. Company Stability Plan
Lastly, you need a company stability plan to ensure that your BPO can stand for the long haul. It is somewhat like a feasibility plan, but it caters more on the operational aspect of the company. This plan will serve as a guide for you to run the BPO-from keeping up with its service standards, maintaining current and entertaining new clients, and making sure that all business operations are scalable and not prone to collapse when bigger projects are brought in.
While it sure is a lucrative business, the returns of investment in a BPO project do not come in an instant. Profits start to arrive within 2 to 3 years of operation, as by then you can already see the strengths, weaknesses and trials surpassed by the company you’ve built.
- See more at: http://www.smallbusinessidear.com/setting-up-a-business-process-outsourcing-bpo-company-in-the-philippines/#sthash.VOTp6OBr.dpuf

Starting a BPO is one of the best businesses to do in India. If you have a small office space wherein you can squeeze in a couple of computers and a desk for telephones and a copier machine, you can start-off your BPO business confidently.
BPO business in India includes data entry jobs, call center jobs, telemarketing jobs, customer service jobs, payroll processing, medical transcription, settling insurance claims, supply chain management and other bookkeeping services
How to Start a BPO (Business Process Outsourcing)?
  • Have a Plan Ready: Always decide your area of operation. Pick one BPO field in which you have sufficient mastery. Decide how many companies you are going to apply with. Submit a resume with the companies. In the beginning, it is important to build a profile. Starting for little money would not be a bad option.
  • Take Up a Challenging Application Process: It is easy to apply with some BPO companies. All you need to do is fill out an online form and wait for a response. For some you need to get in touch directly and explain your experience and background. Remember the more hoops you have to jump through in getting a contract, the lesser competitors you are likely to have.
  • Keep Track of Your Applications: Companies take a long time to reply. Keep a tab of the companies you’ve applied along with the date of application. Keep calling the companies till you get a call.
Pay Attention to Detail:  http://www.professionz.com/in/businesses-in-india/how-to-start-a-bpo-business.html


Saturday 4 October 2014

LEARN JAVA Runtime Polymorphism



/**
 * Pyramid - Nested For Loop Example
 *
 * This example shows how to generate a pyramid like the one shown below using
 * simple Java for loop
 *
 *     *****
 *      ****
 *      ***
 *      **
 *      *
 *      *
 *      **
 *      ***
 *      ****
 *      *****
 *
 *
 *
 */
public class PyramidNestedForLoopExample_4 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // generate first-half of the pyramid
        for(int i=5; i>0 ;i--){

            for(int j=0; j < i; j++){
                // display/add star
                System.out.print("*");
            }

            //create a new line
            System.out.println("");
        }// end of for loop

        // generate second-half of the pyramid
        for(int i=1; i<= 5 ;i++){

            for(int j=0; j < i; j++){
                // display/add star
                System.out.print("*");
            }

            //create a new line
            System.out.println("");
        }// end of for loop

    }

}


=====================================
// generate first-half of the pyramid
        for(int i=5; i>=1;i--){

            for(int j=1; j <= i; j++){
                // display/add star
                System.out.print(j);
            }
            System.out.println("");
        }
     -------------------------------------------------------------


Runtime polymorphism or Dynamic Method Dispatch is a process in which a call to an overridden method is resolved at runtime rather than compile-time.
In this process, an overridden method is called through the reference variable of a superclass. The determination of the method to be called is based on the object being referred to by the reference variable.
Let's first understand the upcasting before Runtime Polymorphism.

Upcasting

When reference variable of Parent class refers to the object of Child class, it is known as upcasting. For example:
Upcasting in java
  1. class A{}  
  2. class B extends A{}  
  1. A a=new B();//upcasting  

Example of Runtime Polymorphism

In this example, we are creating two classes Bike and Splendar. Splendar class extends Bike class and overrides its run() method. We are calling the run method by the reference variable of Parent class. Since it refers to the subclass object and subclass method overrides the Parent class method, subclass method is invoked at runtime.
Since method invocation is determined by the JVM not compiler, it is known as runtime polymorphism.
  1. class Bike{  
  2.   void run(){System.out.println("running");}  
  3. }  
  4. class Splender extends Bike{  
  5.   void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 60km");}  
  6.   
  7.   public static void main(String args[]){  
  8.     Bike b = new Splender();//upcasting  
  9.     b.run();  
  10.   }  
  11. }  
Test it Now
Output:running safely with 60km.

Real example of Java Runtime Polymorphism

Consider a scenario, Bank is a class that provides method to get the rate of interest. But, rate of interest may differ according to banks. For example, SBI, ICICI and AXIS banks could provide 8%, 7% and 9% rate of interest.
Java Runtime Polymorphism example of bank Note: It is also given in method overriding but there was no upcasting.
  1. class Bank{  
  2. int getRateOfInterest(){return 0;}  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. class SBI extends Bank{  
  6. int getRateOfInterest(){return 8;}  
  7. }  
  8.   
  9. class ICICI extends Bank{  
  10. int getRateOfInterest(){return 7;}  
  11. }  
  12. class AXIS extends Bank{  
  13. int getRateOfInterest(){return 9;}  
  14. }  
  15.   
  16. class Test3{  
  17. public static void main(String args[]){  
  18. Bank b1=new SBI();  
  19. Bank b2=new ICICI();  
  20. Bank b3=new AXIS();  
  21. System.out.println("SBI Rate of Interest: "+b1.getRateOfInterest());  
  22. System.out.println("ICICI Rate of Interest: "+b2.getRateOfInterest());  
  23. System.out.println("AXIS Rate of Interest: "+b3.getRateOfInterest());  
  24. }  
  25. }  
Test it Now
Output:
SBI Rate of Interest: 8
ICICI Rate of Interest: 7
AXIS Rate of Interest: 9

Runtime Polymorphism with data member

Method is overridden not the datamembers, so runtime polymorphism can't be achieved by data members.
In the example given below, both the classes have a datamember speedlimit, we are accessing the datamember by the reference variable of Parent class which refers to the subclass object. Since we are accessing the datamember which is not overridden, hence it will access the datamember of Parent class always.

Rule: Runtime polymorphism can't be achieved by data members.

  1. class Bike{  
  2.  int speedlimit=90;  
  3. }  
  4. class Honda3 extends Bike{  
  5.  int speedlimit=150;  
  6.   
  7.  public static void main(String args[]){  
  8.   Bike obj=new Honda3();  
  9.   System.out.println(obj.speedlimit);//90  
  10. }  
Test it Now
Output:90

Runtime Polymorphism with Multilevel Inheritance

Let's see the simple example of Runtime Polymorphism with multilevel inheritance.
  1. class Animal{  
  2. void eat(){System.out.println("eating");}  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. class Dog extends Animal{  
  6. void eat(){System.out.println("eating fruits");}  
  7. }  
  8.   
  9. class BabyDog extends Dog{  
  10. void eat(){System.out.println("drinking milk");}  
  11.   
  12. public static void main(String args[]){  
  13. Animal a1,a2,a3;  
  14. a1=new Animal();  
  15. a2=new Dog();  
  16. a3=new BabyDog();  
  17.   
  18. a1.eat();  
  19. a2.eat();  
  20. a3.eat();  
  21. }  
  22. }  
Test it Now
Output: eating
        eating fruits
        drinking Milk

Try for Output

  1. class Animal{  
  2. void eat(){System.out.println("animal is eating...");}  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. class Dog extends Animal{  
  6. void eat(){System.out.println("dog is eating...");}  
  7. }  
  8.   
  9. class BabyDog1 extends Dog{  
  10. public static void main(String args[]){  
  11. Animal a=new BabyDog1();  
  12. a.eat();  
  13. }}  
Test it Now
Output: Dog is eating

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Static Binding and Dynamic Binding

static binding and dynamic binding in java Connecting a method call to the method body is known as binding.
There are two types of binding
  1. static binding (also known as early binding).
  2. dynamic binding (also known as late binding).

Understanding Type

Let's understand the type of instance.

1) variables have a type

Each variable has a type, it may be primitive and non-primitive.
  1. int data=30;  
Here data variable is a type of int.

2) References have a type

  1. class Dog{  
  2.  public static void main(String args[]){  
  3.   Dog d1;//Here d1 is a type of Dog  
  4.  }  
  5. }  

3) Objects have a type

An object is an instance of particular java class,but it is also an instance of its superclass.
  1. class Animal{}  
  2.   
  3. class Dog extends Animal{  
  4.  public static void main(String args[]){  
  5.   Dog d1=new Dog();  
  6.  }  
  7. }  
Here d1 is an instance of Dog class, but it is also an instance of Animal.

static binding

When type of the object is determined at compiled time(by the compiler), it is known as static binding.
If there is any private, final or static method in a class, there is static binding.

Example of static binding

  1. class Dog{  
  2.  private void eat(){System.out.println("dog is eating...");}  
  3.   
  4.  public static void main(String args[]){  
  5.   Dog d1=new Dog();  
  6.   d1.eat();  
  7.  }  
  8. }  

Dynamic binding

When type of the object is determined at run-time, it is known as dynamic binding.

Example of dynamic binding

  1. class Animal{  
  2.  void eat(){System.out.println("animal is eating...");}  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. class Dog extends Animal{  
  6.  void eat(){System.out.println("dog is eating...");}  
  7.   
  8.  public static void main(String args[]){  
  9.   Animal a=new Dog();  
  10.   a.eat();  
  11.  }  
  12. }  
Test it Now
Output:dog is eating...
In the above example object type cannot be determined by the compiler, because the instance of Dog is also an instance of Animal.So compiler doesn't know its type, only its base type.




---------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------

An interface in java is a blueprint of a class. It has static constants and abstract methods only.
The interface in java is a mechanism to achieve fully abstraction. There can be only abstract methods in the java interface not method body. It is used to achieve fully abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java.
Java Interface also represents IS-A relationship.
It cannot be instantiated just like abstract class.

Why use Java interface?

There are mainly three reasons to use interface. They are given below.
  • It is used to achieve fully abstraction.
  • By interface, we can support the functionality of multiple inheritance.
  • It can be used to achieve loose coupling.

The java compiler adds public and abstract keywords before the interface method and public, static and final keywords before data members.

In other words, Interface fields are public, static and final bydefault, and methods are public and abstract.
interface

Understanding relationship between classes and interfaces

As shown in the figure given below, a class extends another class, an interface extends another interface but a class implements an interface.
relationship between class and interface

Simple example of Java interface

In this example, Printable interface have only one method, its implementation is provided in the A class.
  1. interface printable{  
  2. void print();  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. class A6 implements printable{  
  6. public void print(){System.out.println("Hello");}  
  7.   
  8. public static void main(String args[]){  
  9. A6 obj = new A6();  
  10. obj.print();  
  11.  }  
  12. }  
Test it Now
Output:Hello

Multiple inheritance in Java by interface

If a class implements multiple interfaces, or an interface extends multiple interfaces i.e. known as multiple inheritance.
 multiple inheritance in java
  1. interface Printable{  
  2. void print();  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. interface Showable{  
  6. void show();  
  7. }  
  8.   
  9. class A7 implements Printable,Showable{  
  10.   
  11. public void print(){System.out.println("Hello");}  
  12. public void show(){System.out.println("Welcome");}  
  13.   
  14. public static void main(String args[]){  
  15. A7 obj = new A7();  
  16. obj.print();  
  17. obj.show();  
  18.  }  
  19. }  
Test it Now
Output:Hello
       Welcome

Q) Multiple inheritance is not supported through class in java but it is possible by interface, why?

As we have explained in the inheritance chapter, multiple inheritance is not supported in case of class. But it is supported in case of interface because there is no ambiguity as implementation is provided by the implementation class. For example:
  1. interface Printable{  
  2. void print();  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. interface Showable{  
  6. void print();  
  7. }  
  8.   
  9. class testinterface1 implements Printable,Showable{  
  10.   
  11. public void print(){System.out.println("Hello");}  
  12.   
  13. public static void main(String args[]){  
  14. testinterface1 obj = new testinterface1();  
  15. obj.print();  
  16.  }  
  17. }  
Test it Now
Hello
As you can see in the above example, Printable and Showable interface have same methods but its implementation is provided by class A, so there is no ambiguity.

Interface inheritance

A class implements interface but one interface extends another interface .
  1. interface Printable{  
  2. void print();  
  3. }  
  4. interface Showable extends Printable{  
  5. void show();  
  6. }  
  7. class Testinterface2 implements Showable{  
  8.   
  9. public void print(){System.out.println("Hello");}  
  10. public void show(){System.out.println("Welcome");}  
  11.   
  12. public static void main(String args[]){  
  13. Testinterface2 obj = new Testinterface2();  
  14. obj.print();  
  15. obj.show();  
  16.  }  
  17. }  
Test it Now
       Hello
       Welcome

Q) What is marker or tagged interface?

An interface that have no member is known as marker or tagged interface. For example: Serializable, Cloneable, Remote etc. They are used to provide some essential information to the JVM so that JVM may perform some useful operation.
  1. //How Serializable interface is written?  
  2. public interface Serializable{  
  3. }  

Nested Interface in Java

Note: An interface can have another interface i.e. known as nested interface. We will learn it in detail in the nested classes chapter. For example:
  1. interface printable{  
  2.  void print();  
  3.  interface MessagePrintable{  
  4.    void msg();  
  5.  }  
  6. }  
More about Nested Interface--------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------






----------------------------------------------------

Abstract class in Java

A class that is declared with abstract keyword, is known as abstract class in java. It can have abstract and non-abstract methods (method with body).
Before learning java abstract class, let's understand the abstraction in java first.

Abstraction in Java

Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and showing only functionality to the user.
Another way, it shows only important things to the user and hides the internal details for example sending sms, you just type the text and send the message. You don't know the internal processing about the message delivery.
Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.

Ways to achieve Abstaction

There are two ways to achieve abstraction in java
  1. Abstract class (0 to 100%)
  2. Interface (100%)

Abstract class in Java

A class that is declared as abstract is known as abstract class. It needs to be extended and its method implemented. It cannot be instantiated.

Example abstract class

  1. abstract class A{}  

abstract method

A method that is declared as abstract and does not have implementation is known as abstract method.

Example abstract method

  1. abstract void printStatus();//no body and abstract  

Example of abstract class that has abstract method

In this example, Bike the abstract class that contains only one abstract method run. It implementation is provided by the Honda class.
  1. abstract class Bike{  
  2.   abstract void run();  
  3. }  
  4.   
  5. class Honda4 extends Bike{  
  6. void run(){System.out.println("running safely..");}  
  7.   
  8. public static void main(String args[]){  
  9.  Bike obj = new Honda4();  
  10.  obj.run();  
  11. }  
  12. }  
Test it Now
running safely..

Understanding the real scenario of abstract class

In this example, Shape is the abstract class, its implementation is provided by the Rectangle and Circle classes. Mostly, we don't know about the implementation class (i.e. hidden to the end user) and object of the implementation class is provided by the factory method.
A factory method is the method that returns the instance of the class. We will learn about the factory method later.
In this example, if you create the instance of Rectangle class, draw() method of Rectangle class will be invoked.
File: TestAbstraction1.java
  1. abstract class Shape{  
  2. abstract void draw();  
  3. }  
  4. //In real scenario, implementation is provided by others i.e. unknown by end user  
  5. class Rectangle extends Shape{  
  6. void draw(){System.out.println("drawing rectangle");}  
  7. }  
  8.   
  9. class Circle1 extends Shape{  
  10. void draw(){System.out.println("drawing circle");}  
  11. }  
  12.   
  13. //In real scenario, method is called by programmer or user  
  14. class TestAbstraction1{  
  15. public static void main(String args[]){  
  16. Shape s=new Circle1();//In real scenario, object is provided through method e.g. getShape() method  
  17. s.draw();  
  18. }  
  19. }  
Test it Now
drawing circle

Another example of abstract class in java

File: TestBank.java
  1.  abstract class Bank{    
  2. abstract int getRateOfInterest();    
  3. }    
  4.     
  5. class SBI extends Bank{    
  6. int getRateOfInterest(){return 7;}    
  7. }    
  8. class PNB extends Bank{    
  9. int getRateOfInterest(){return 7;}    
  10. }    
  11.     
  12. class TestBank{    
  13. public static void main(String args[]){    
  14. Bank b=new SBI();//if object is PNB, method of PNB will be invoked    
  15. int interest=b.getRateOfInterest();    
  16. System.out.println("Rate of Interest is: "+interest+" %");    
  17. }}    
Test it Now
Rate of Interest is: 7 %

Abstract class having constructor, data member, methods etc.

An abstract class can have data member, abstract method, method body, constructor and even main() method.
File: TestAbstraction2.java
  1. //example of abstract class that have method body  
  2.  abstract class Bike{  
  3.    Bike(){System.out.println("bike is created");}  
  4.    abstract void run();  
  5.    void changeGear(){System.out.println("gear changed");}  
  6.  }  
  7.   
  8.  class Honda extends Bike{  
  9.  void run(){System.out.println("running safely..");}  
  10.  }  
  11.  class TestAbstraction2{  
  12.  public static void main(String args[]){  
  13.   Bike obj = new Honda();  
  14.   obj.run();  
  15.   obj.changeGear();  
  16.  }  
  17. }  
Test it Now
       bike is created
       running safely..
       gear changed

Rule: If there is any abstract method in a class, that class must be abstract.

  1. class Bike12{  
  2. abstract void run();  
  3. }  
Test it Now
compile time error

Rule: If you are extending any abstract class that have abstract method, you must either provide the implementation of the method or make this class abstract.


Another real scenario of abstract class

The abstract class can also be used to provide some implementation of the interface. In such case, the end user may not be forced to override all the methods of the interface.

Note: If you are beginner to java, learn interface first and skip this example.

  1. interface A{  
  2. void a();  
  3. void b();  
  4. void c();  
  5. void d();  
  6. }  
  7.   
  8. abstract class B implements A{  
  9. public void c(){System.out.println("I am C");}  
  10. }  
  11.   
  12. class M extends B{  
  13. public void a(){System.out.println("I am a");}  
  14. public void b(){System.out.println("I am b");}  
  15. public void d(){System.out.println("I am d");}  
  16. }  
  17.   
  18. class Test5{  
  19. public static void main(String args[]){  
  20. A a=new M();  
  21. a.a();  
  22. a.b();  
  23. a.c();  
  24. a.d();  
  25. }}  
Test it Now
Output:I am a
       I am b
       I am c
       I am d



Thursday 2 October 2014

Best programming blog

http://55points.blogspot.in/

http://www.91weblessons.com/

http://www.9lessons.info/2008/08/jquery-ajax-and-php-projects-9lessons.html

WEBSITE  TO ANDROID APP http://www.appypie.com/

facebook like database design----https://www.google.co.in/search?q=facebook+like+database+design




The first thing that comes to mind is something like these tables in a relational database:In the above design there are 3 tables
  • Facebook accounts
    • ID
    • email
    • other fields
  • Friends
    • user id
    • friend’s id (contact id or c_id)
  • Status Updates
    • ID of the account making the update
    • status update
    • date of status update
So if sue@y.com logs onto Facebook, then Facebook needs to go and get the status updates of her friends/contacts. First step is to get a list of friends and second step is to get a list of updates from those friends. In SQL this might look like:
    Select  id, status
    From updates
    where id in (select c_id from contacts where id=2)
    order by date
As the number of friends and status updates increases, then this query is going to take longer and longer. Maybe this is the reason why Facebook limits the number of friends and the history.  How can the response time for  the retreval of updates of friends be kept at constant time ?
First, the home page only has to show, at least initially, something like 20 updates. The above query can be wrapped with a top 20 s0mething like
   select * from (
      Select  id,status
      From updates
      where id in (select c_id from contacts where id=2)
      order by date)
   where rownum < 20;
But really, that’s not going to do much good because the query still has to create the result set before sorting it by date then limiting the output to 20 rows. You could add a date limiter on the updates:
   select * from (
      Select  id,status
      From updates
      where id in (select c_id from contacts where id=2) and
      date <= current_date - 2_days
      order by date)
   where rownum < 20;
Seems facebook has a limit on the number of days returned and the number of friends, but there isn’t AFAIK, a limit on the number of updates that friends can do, so as they do more updates, the query takes longer and longer.
What kind of other design could be used? To speed up the query data could be denormalized a lot or a little. For a small change in the data, the date could be added to the list of friends meaning we can limit updates by the date field in  friends instead of all the updates themselves  as in:
Now the query becomes something like
   Select  status
   From updates
   where id in  (  select c_id from
                    (select c_id from contacts where id=2  order by date)
               where rownum < 20 )
   order by date
Instead of having to select status updates from all the friends, the query just selects the 20 (or less) friends who have had the most recent updates.
Or one could go a step farther such that when you post a status update,  a row gets inserted for each of your friends,  such that every friend has your update associeted with them and then all that has to be done is select the top 20 updates from that list. No joining. And if  indexed, then the rows returned can be precisely limited to those 20 rows. On the other hand this creates an enormous amount of insert data and data redundancy. Maybe have two tables, 1 status updates with a unique id and 2  a table with all friends updates. The second table would have every user and for each user a line that contains the status update ids of all their friends and a timestamp.    So if I wanted status updates for my friends, I just get the last 20 status update ids from this table for me and then get the actual content for 20 status updates. Still this keeps a lot of unnecessary information. On the other hand I don’t need to keep the data for that long – maybe the last couple days and beyond that the system could fall back to some of the join query above.
What other kinds of optimizations could they do ?  What would the pros be of a other methods? What are the cons?
This has already been solved a number of times at a number of places.  I haven’t been involved in any nor am I involved in any of these architectural questions right now, but it’s interesting to think about.
Why does Facebook want to know who your close friends are? Is it because they care or because it helps prioritize what status up dates to denormalize? Why do the limit friends  to 5000? Is it because they really care or is scaling issue?

Related Reading:
Twitter
id generation
http://engineering.twitter.com/2010/06/announcing-snowflake.html
http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/19/how-twitter-stores-250-million-tweets-a-day-using-mysql.html
Facebook schema
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ikhnaton2/533233247/
Facebook lamp stack
http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail4746.html
how does Facebook do it
http://ask.metafilter.com/82769/How-is-Facebook-doing-its-queries
ebay
http://www.addsimplicity.com/downloads/eBaySDForum2006-11-29.pdf
high scalability
http://highscalability.com/
http://memcached.org/
scaling
http://danga.com/words/2007_06_usenix/usenix.pdf
Flickr
http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/04/database-war-stories-3-flickr.html
Myspace
http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Projects-Networks-and-Storage/Inside-MySpacecom/
dealing with stale data
http://www.mnot.net/blog/2007/12/12/stale
Facebook schema
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Metamodel_of_Facebook.jpg